Ratchiffe complicated Burke's idea of identification, in that way building on it. according to burke, you must be able to identify with the speaker while seeing your own ideas reflected, but Ratcliffe claims that you must be able to listen even when you cannot identify directly with what the speaker is saying. burke's theory allows a person to see themselves in the speaker, which helps the listener want to stay engaged to what they speaker is saying. ratchliffe believes that a person should stay engaged even if thee are no similarities present.
“For rhetorical listening turns hearing (a reception process) into invention (a production process) thus complicating the reception/production opposition and inviting rhetorical listening into the time-honored tradition of rhetoric” (ratcliffe pg. 220) this type of listening is suppose too be used to help listeners see things from different perspective.
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